Boiler Fundamentals

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION State the basic requirements for steam production. State the basic requirements for combustion. Explain in general terms how a boiler produces steam. TYPES OF BOILERS Name two basic types of boilers. Describe the basic differences between fire tube boilers and water tube boilers. Describe how water combustion gases and steam flow through fire tube boilers and water tube boilers. FUELS AND BURNERS Explain why changes in boiler load require fuel and air adjustments. Describe the parts and operation of a typical gas burner. Describe the parts and operation of a typical oil burner. Describe the parts and operation of a typical stoker. HEAT TRANSFER Describe what heat transfer is. State three ways in which heat transfer can occur in a typical boiler. Identify problems that can interfere with proper heat transfer and describe the effect of each on boiler operation. AIR AND FUEL FLOW Explain how air flow is produced in a typical boiler. State why it is necessary to maintain a proper air-to-fuel ratio in a boiler. Identify some devices that are used to improve the efficiency of boiler operations. WATER AND STEAM FLOW Explain how water circulates in a typical fire tube boiler. Explain how natural circulation occurs in a typical water tube boiler. Explain how controlled circulation occurs in a typical water tube boiler. Describe a typical economizer and explain when and why an economizer is used. Name some of the devices that are commonly used to remove moisture from steam and explain how they operate.